The ACA was enacted with the goal of increasing access to affordable health insurance for all Americans, particularly those who were previously uninsured or underinsured. It introduced several key provisions to achieve this objective.

One of the main components of the ACA is the establishment of health insurance marketplaces, also known as exchanges. These online platforms allow individuals and small businesses to compare and purchase health insurance plans. The marketplaces offer a range of coverage options, including different levels of benefits and costs.

To make insurance more affordable, the ACA provides subsidies to eligible individuals and families who purchase coverage through the marketplaces. These subsidies are based on income and help lower the monthly premiums and out-of-pocket costs for those who qualify.

The law also expanded Medicaid, a government program that provides health coverage to low-income individuals and families. The ACA increased the income eligibility threshold for Medicaid, allowing more people to qualify for the program. However, a Supreme Court ruling made Medicaid expansion optional for states, resulting in some states choosing not to expand their programs.

The ACA introduced several consumer protections to ensure that individuals have access to comprehensive and affordable coverage. Insurance companies are now prohibited from denying coverage or charging higher premiums based on pre-existing conditions. They are also required to cover essential health benefits, such as preventive services, prescription drugs, and maternity care.

Additionally, the ACA implemented measures to control healthcare costs and promote preventive care. It established the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation to test new payment and delivery models that aim to improve the quality of care while reducing costs. The law also requires insurance plans to cover certain preventive services, such as vaccinations and screenings, without charging copayments or deductibles.

While the ACA has expanded access to health insurance for millions of Americans, it has also faced criticism and challenges. Some argue that it has led to increased premiums and limited choices for consumers. Efforts to repeal or modify the law have been ongoing since its passage, with debates over its effectiveness and affordability continuing to this day.